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2025-2026学年八年级英语上册语法专练
Unit4 Hands-on fun祈使句和should,had better
一、祈使句 (Imperative Sentences)
核心功能：发出 命令、请求、建议或指示（直接作用于听者）
| 要素 | 规则与例句 | 注意事项 |
| 结构 | 动词原形开头（省略主语 you） | 主语 you 永远不出现 |
| 肯定形式 | Stop!（停下！） Be quiet．（安静点） Please close the door．（请关门） |
句首/句末加 please 表礼貌 |
| 否定形式 | Don’t + 动词原形 Don’t touch the wire!（别碰电线！） Never give up!（永不放弃！） |
强调禁止用 never |
| 加强语气 | Do + 动词原形 Do come on time!（务必准时来！） |
do 表强烈要求 |
| 对象扩展 | Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 Let me help you．（让我帮你） Let’s go!（我们走吧） |
Let us = Let’s |
使用场景：
指令说明：Turn left at the bank．（在银行左转）
警示标语：Keep off the grass!（勿踏草坪）
请求帮助：Pass me the salt, please．（请递给我盐）
二、should 与 had better
| 维度 | should | had better |
| 语气强度 | 建议（温和，≈ 应该） | 警告（较强，≈ 最好．．．否则．．．） |
| 结构 | should + 动词原形 | had better + 动词原形 |
| 否定形式 | should not (shouldn’t) + 动词 | had better not + 动词 |
| 缩写 | should → ‘d (口语) | had better → ‘d better |
| 时间指向 | 现在/未来 | 紧迫的未来（需立即行动） |
| 隐含意义 | 一般性建议 | 不听话会有负面后果 |
例句解析：
1． should（中性建议）
You should eat more vegetables．（你该多吃蔬菜 → 健康建议）
He shouldn’t work late every day．（他不该天天熬夜 → 关心性劝阻）
2． had better（带警告的建议）
You ‘d better leave now, or you’ll miss the bus!（最好现在走，否则赶不上公交 → 隐含错过后果）
She had better not forget the keys．（她最好别忘带钥匙 → 暗示忘带会锁门外）
关键区别：
用 should 时 → 只是善意提醒（It’s a good idea to．．．）
用 had better 时 → 暗示“不做会倒霉”（There will be trouble if．．．）
终极口诀：
祈使句，动打头，省去主语 you；
Don’t 开头表禁止，please 加在尾或首。
should 建议要温和，had better 带警告；
后者常含“否则”意，动词原形别忘掉！
一、单项选择(本大题共40小题，每小题2分，共80分)
1．No ______ loudly in the museum! Please be quiet．
A．talk B．talking C．talks D．talked
2．Read the instructions, ________ you will find it’s not difficult to start an online tour．
A．or B．and C．but D．so
3．—Dale, ________ to check your paper before you hand it in．
—Sure, I will．
A．remembers B．to remember C．remember
4．Study hard, ________ you’ll make great progress in English．
A．or B．and C．because D．so
5．Let’s ______ notices to tell people about the charity sale．
A．give out B．giving out C．to give out D．gives out
6．________ you close the door when you leave the room．
A．Make sure B．Making sure C．To make sure
7．Being on time is important． ________ late for anything all the time．
A．Don’t be B．Not be C．Not to be D．Not being
8．Let’s hurry up, ________ we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety．
A．or B．so C．and D．but
9．________ tea with me after work today, please． I have something important to tell you．
A．Drinking B．Drink C．To drink D．Drank
10．Hurry up, ________ you will miss the train．
A．or B．and C．if D．unless
11．—Tom, it’s time ________ class．
—OK． Let’s ________．
A．for; going B．for; go C．to; go D．to; going
12．Hurry up, or you ________ late for the meeting．
A．are B．will be C．were D．would be
13．Don’t ________ football in the street! It’s dangerous．
A．play B．playing C．to play D．played
14．—Mom, can I play computer games this evening?
—________ your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it．
A．Finish B．Finished C．Finishing D．To finish
15．Life is like a mirror (镜子)． ________ at it and it will smile back．
A．Smile B．To smile C．Smiling D．Smiles
16．Don’t ________ afraid of making mistakes and just have a try．
A．being B．be
C．to be D．been
17．It’s cold outside． _______ your heavy coat before you go out．
A．Put on B．Wear C．Putting on D．Wearing
18．Work hard, ________ you won’t pass the exam．
A．and B．but C．or
19．Tom, ________ faster, and you will get the toy you want．
A．runs B．to run C．running D．run
20．________ quiet, Tom． Your father is writing a report．
A．Keep B．Kept C．To keep D．Keeping
21．You just made a mistake． We _________ call a typing machine a typewriter instead of a typist．
A．can B．may C．should D．need
22．—Tom, you look tired． You had better ________ up late at night．
—Yes, I ________ go to bed earlier． I’ll make sure to get enough sleep tonight．
A．not to stay; must B．not staying; can
C．not stay; should D．to not stay; need
23．As middle school students, we ________ spread traditional Chinese culture．
A．can’t B．may C．mustn’t D．should
24．You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, or it’s bad for you．
A．can B．could C．shouldn’t D．would
25．We ________ keep the new traffic law (交通法)．
A．may B．should C．can D．need
26．You ________ clean the blackboard because you are on duty．
A．must B．should C．can D．may
27．—His father is a good cooker．
—That ________ be cook．
A．may B．should C．must D．had better
28．You ______ turn off the lights when you leave the room．
A．can B．should C．may D．could
29．As middle school students, we ________ follow the public rules wherever we go．
A．could B．should C．would D．might
30．—What can we do to make Luzhou a more beautiful city?
—First of all, I think all of us ________ fight pollution．
A．may B．should C．mustn’t D．needn’t
31．—My father seldom sleeps well at night．
—That’s too bad． He had better ________ much coffee．
A．drink B．not to drink C．not drink D．drinking
32．We’d better ________ the directions (指南) before we get started．
A．to read B．not reading C．read D．not read
33．You had better ________ up late because you have an exam tomorrow．
A．not staying B．not stay C．don’t stay D．not to stay
34．You had better ________ rubbish around． It’s so dirty．
A．not to throw B．not throw C．to not throw D．throw
35．Jim, you’d better ________ in bed． It’s bad for your eyes．
A．not to read B．to read C．not read D．read
36．Your dad is tired． You’d better ________．
A．wake him up B．not wake him up C．wake up him D．not to wake him up
37．The dentist told us that we’d better ________ too much sweet food because it is bad for our teeth．
A．to have B．not to have C．not have D．have
38．—Dad, you ________ drive too fast． There is a school ahead．
—OK, I will．
A．had better not B．had better C．may D．can
39．You’d better ________ with the window open． It may rain in the night．
A．to sleep B．sleep C．not to sleep D．not sleep
40．— Every day I run for more than two hours．
— Really? You’d better ________ so much． Too much running isn’t good for your health．
A．don’t run B．not run C．not to run D．not running
二、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)
41．你不应该等到最后一分钟才准备考试。
You ______ wait ______ the last minute to study for a test．
42．我们应该在那贴个告示。
We ____________ a notice there．
43．为了写下你的所见所闻，你最好随身带支钢笔。
You ____________ to write down what you see and hear．
44．你最好不要痴迷于游戏。
You ______ games．
45．你下次上学最好不要迟到。
You ________________________school next time．
46．记得下次上课别再迟到了。
______ ______ ______ ______late for class again next time．
47．让老人和小孩先走。
______old people and children ______first．
48．当别人陷入困境时，不要嘲笑别人。
Don’t______ others when they are in trouble．
49．不要总是编造一些理由去上网。
Don’t always ______ ______ some reasons to go online．
50．请遵循医生的建议。
Please ______ ______ ______ ______．
…………
参考答案
1．No ______ loudly in the museum! Please be quiet．
A．talk B．talking C．talks D．talked
【答案】B
【详解】句意：博物馆禁止大声喧哗。请保持安静。
考查祈使句。英语中常用“No+动名词(-ing形式)”的结构来表达禁止。故选B。
2．Read the instructions, ________ you will find it’s not difficult to start an online tour．
A．or B．and C．but D．so
【答案】B
【详解】句意：读说明，你将会发现线上旅游并不太难。
考查连词词义辨析。or否则；and和，表示顺承；but但是，表转折；so因此，表结果。考查固定句型“祈使句 + and + 结果”的结构，表示“做了前一个动作，就会产生后一个结果”；根据句意可知，此处用and表示顺承。故选B。
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