2026年春九年级英语下册寒假培优练
专题08阅读理解特训
内容早知道
☛第一层 巩固提升练（4大考点）
考点一 细节理解题
考点二 推理判断题
考点三 词句猜测题
考点四 主旨大意题
☛第二层 能力培优练
☛第三层 拓展突破练
考点一 细节理解题
1． 跳读查找法。
这个方法的要点在于先看题干，然后带着问题读文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how 提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间。这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。一般来说，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。
另外，运用跳读查找法解题时，要特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的中考题情况来看，很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，通常要进行一定的处理，而这种“处理”主要就是进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。
【例】The first subway line for Stockholm was opened in 1950． The Stockholm Subway is well – known for its decoration of the stations． It is called the longest art gallery in the world． Over 90 percent of its stations are decorated with paintings．
【题目】Which subway is called the longest art gallery in the world ?
A． The Beijing Subway B． The Stockholm Subway
C． The London Underground D． The New York City Subway．
【解析】B。看到题目，知道重点应快速搜寻the longest art gallery，并最终确定答案为B。
2． 排除法
有些题目中，正面选择比较困难，但是运用排除法，将不正确的选项先确定下来，就只剩下唯一的一个正确答案了。
Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need． They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day． They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; (2) citrus(柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal (谷物), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter．
【题目】From the first paragraph we know noodles belong to a kind of ______ food．
A． vegetable B． fruit C． meat D． cereal
【解析】D。这道题更像是一道常识题，面食究竟属于哪一类？A项指“蔬菜”一类，应排除；B项指“水果”一类，也不对；C项指“肉类”，也不符合；最后只能是D项了，指“谷类食品”，对应文中的第（6）条。
3． 简单计算法
数字计算题也是细节理解题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时，考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。
Main Dishes
Cheeseburger ￥5．2 Big Mac ￥10．4
Mc Chicken ￥5 (50% off until Feb 24) Fillet-o-fish ￥9．9
【题目】How much did you need to pay for one McChicken before?
A． ￥5． B． ￥10． C．￥2．5． D． ￥50．
【解析】B。重点根据“McChicken：￥5 (50% off until Feb 24)”可知，在2月24号以前有50% 的优惠，即优惠后的价格是￥5，所以原价应是￥10。
注意要点
细节题在阅读理解中占比重很大，阅读时要特别注意以下几点：
首先，阅读时利用这类关键词和词组that is to say, above all, especially, mainly等，把握文章的思路和脉络。另外，在问题的选项中表示绝对意义的词first （第一），least （最不），always （总是），never（永不），all（所有），none（一个也不），any（任何） 和表示唯一性的词汇only（只有） , just（仅仅），往往是命题的陷阱，因此要多加注意。
其次，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。
最后，文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期，通常需要做简单的计算。
总而言之，只要掌握了解题技巧并不断练习，就能在考试中取得好成绩。
【巩固练习】
Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would think of Confucius, whose birthday was September 28． Although he live over 2, 000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today．
Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province． He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period． He had a hard childhood． His father died when he was only 3． His mother brought him up． As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying． He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports． Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history． At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn． He had about 3, 000 students in his lifetime．
Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons． He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned． “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas． I choose the good qualities and follow them．” He also taught us that thinking is very important in study． “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的)． All thinking but no study makes people lazy．”
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society． His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners． “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others．” he said．
1．Today we still remember Confucius mainly because ________．
A．he lived a poor life in his childhood
B．he had wise thoughts and great views about education
C．he traveled with his students from state to state
D．he lived during the Spring and Autumn Period
2．Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports ________ as a child．
A．by teaching himself at home B．with the help of his mother
C．by going to school D．by visiting many famous teachers
考点二 推理判断题
1． 抓住特定关键信息进行推理。
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
【例1】John and his 10-year-old son want to watch Secret of the Dragon． How much should they pay?
A ． $7．40． B． $11．10． C． $14．80． D． $23．20．
【解析】这是一个数字推断题。解答此类题，关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。
文章中有这样一些相关信息：
Secret of the Dragon… Cost Adult: $7．40 Children (under 15 years): half …
根据上面的信息可知，15岁以下的孩子是半价。所以，一个成人和一个10岁的孩子应该花$7．40+$3．70=$11．10，故选B。
2． 利用作者的思想感情、文字色彩进行推断。
有些题目要求考生根据文段的相关信息对文中人物的性格、心理状况、心智或品质做出判断，这时一定要扣紧文段的主题或话题，不要受一些细节事实的干扰。文章中的措辞会体现作者或者其他人物的思想倾向和感情色彩，这往往隐含在字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文章用词。
【例1】In the last paragraph, what does the underlined part mean?
A． We should always visit Dubai． B． We should learn from foreigners．
C． We must always remember our past． D． We must only think about the future．
【解析】根据题目要求，我们锁定文章最后一段的划线部分，并结合上文来推断。
Many people welcome the city’s growth． But an increasing number of Dubai natives worry about the speed of change． As a Dubai native says, “We must always remember where we came from． Our kids must know we worked very, very hard to get where we are now, and there’s a lot more work to do．”
根据划线部分中的用词：must always, very, very hard…等可以断定，说话人非常重视迪拜的历史，强调不要忘本，尤其现在的孩子要知道他们父母奋斗的历史，故选C。
我们也可以从四个选项上排除个别选项。选项A、D，太过绝对，根据常识，我们可以排除这两项。那么，我们就可以从B、C两项中选。这时再读划线句子，很好排除选项B。
3． 运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断
有些文章具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。
【例】Which of the following is cause and effect?
A． Tony got up and had a glass of water． B． We came home and found him sleeping．
C． The ball was lost and a window was broken． D． Tim was late again and his teacher got angry．
【解析】我们根据常识即可知因果关系（cause and effect），故本题答案选D。为了确保答案正确，我们可再回到原文寻找依据：
Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us． Many thing happen because something caused or influenced them to happen．
以上分别从三个方面讲解了如何对文章隐含信息进行推理判断，但有时候题目的设计不一定这么层次分明，需要同时从不同角度对文章的信息进行综合分析、推理和判断。因此，在阅读的过程中，需要考生在熟练掌握的基础上灵活运用这些方法。
【巩固练习】
Are you on social media? How old were you when you started using it? Nowadays, social media platforms (平台) have become a common part of our live． However, with the rise of social media, there has also been a growing concern about its influence on younger users． Maybe you’re not old enough to start using social media．
Australia is making a new law． After it passes, people will have to be above a certain age to use social media． It is not known what the age will be, but it will most likely be between 14 and 16, said Reuters on Sept 10． The new law will start by the end of the year．
“We want them to have real experiences with real people because we know that social media is causing social problems,” said Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese．
He has a point． In a study on 20,000 Australian students in the 10th grade, many felt social media made them less happy． In another study, around 60 percent of parents thought social media was bad for children’s mental health, reported The Guardian．
However, experts have doubts about the law． Lisa Given, a professor at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, wrote in The Conversation that many European countries tried this before but failed． This is because social media is an important way for teenagers to get information． It also helps them share their thoughts． So it is not right to take this away from them．
On the technical (技术的) side, the law will also be difficult to carry out, said the regulator (监管机构) for online safety in the country． For example, many apps now ask users their age． But users can simply lie and put in an earlier date． What’s more, the law may push teenagers to hide their online activities, or even use apps that are unsafe or badly managed．
1．How does the author start the passage?
A．By listing numbers． B．By asking questions．
C．By giving an example． D．By explaining the reason．
…………
参考答案
1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在儿童医院做志愿者时的一次难忘的经历。
1．句意：在护士那里登记后，Tiny医生和我来到了我们的第一个房间，里面住着一位母亲和一个两岁的男孩。
registered注册，登记；exchanged交换；applied应用；requested要求。根据上文“A few notable moments from my most recent volunteering at the Children’s Hospital never escape me．”提到了作者在儿童医院作志愿者，以及下文“with the nurses, Dr． Tiny and I went to our first room, inside which were a mother and a two-year-old boy．”可知，作者在登记后，和医生一起走进了一个生病儿童的房间，故选A。
…………
不错
很有用
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