2026年春八年级英语下册寒假预习衔接讲义
Unit1 Career talks 语法、写作篇
被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,用于说明主语和谓语之间的具体关系。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态的句子中,主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态的句子中,主语是动作的承受者。一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。
Lots of students love this English song． (主动语态,句子的主语Lots of students是动作love的执行者)
This English song is loved by lots of students． (被动语态,句子的主语This English song是动作love的承受者)
一． 一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态的构成
被动语态一般由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成,其中be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
| 时态 | 被动语态的句式 | 例句 |
| 一般现在时 | 主语+am/is/are+
动词过去分词+其他． |
English is widely used in the world．英语在世界范围内被广泛使用。 |
| 一般将来时 | 主语+will/be going to+be+动词过去分词+其他． | The new film will/is going to be shown next Thursday．这部新电影将在下周四上映。 |
二．被动语态的运用
一般来说,在下面几种情况中会用到被动语态:
(1)需要强调动作的承受者时。The new student is welcomed by the whole class． 新同学受到全班的欢迎。
(2)不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。Electricity is used to work machines．电被用来开动机器。
(3)为礼貌起见,避免提及动作的执行者时。I am told not to make a noise．有人告诉我不要吵闹。
(4)当动作的执行者是无生命的事物时。Look! The street is covered with snow。看!街上都是雪。
三． 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法
注意(1)不及物动词(短语)如happen、rise、appear、take place等没有被动语态。
(2)动词短语如talk about、pay attention to、take care of等在变为被动语态时,其中的介词不可漏掉。
(3)在主动语态的句子中,感官动词(see、watch、hear等)和使役动词(make、let等)后面常接省略to的动词不定式,但在变为被动语态时,不能省略to。
People often see Betty help the old lady with her housework．→Betty is often seen to help the old lady with her housework．(人们)经常看到Betty帮那位老太太做家务。
随堂训练
一．单项选择
1．—Beijing is not the first city in China to fine (罚款) eaters on the subway．
—Yes． People who eat on the subway in Hong Kong ________ with up to 2,000 Hong Kong dollars．
A．punished B．have punished C．were punished D．are punished
2． Many tall buildings ________ in our city every year．
A．has built B．were built C．are building D．are built
3． The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year．
A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent D．is made; is sent
4． A lot of water ________ in Shanghai every year． It’s a big problem．
A．wastes B．is wasting C．wasted D．is wasted
5．—Have you finished your project?
—Not yet． I’ll finish it if I __________ ten more minutes．
A．give B．will give C．will be given D．am given
6．—When shall we go to watch Jiangsu Inter City Football League (江苏足球城际联赛)?
—Not until the work ________ tomorrow．
A．is finished B．will be finished C．will finish D．has finished
7．—Excuse me, is it my turn to enter the doctor’s office now?
—Not yet． Please wait here until your name ________．
A．calls B．will call C．is called D．is calling
8．—Let’s play soccer, Jack．
—Sorry． I need one more hour before my project ________．
A．finishes B．will be finished C．will finish D．is finished
9．—Mr． Wu, when can we start the science experiment (实验)?
—Only after the safety rules ________ clearly．
A．are explained B．will be explained C．were explained D．have explained
10．—What will happen if lots of jobs ________ over by AI?
—That is a good question． But at the same time, AI will create more jobs．
A．will take B．are taken C．will be taken D．take
二．填空
1． You can’t come into this garden until you ________ (allow) to．
2． Many trees_______(plant) on the hill every spring．
3．—Do you think AI can completely take teachers’ jobs in the future?
—No, though many tasks are done by AI, teachers’ care can never_______(copy)．
4． We are_______to keep the books for two weeks． (allow)
5． He will finish the work if he_______(give) another 2 hours tomorrow．
6． You are_______(suppose) to study hard．
7． In our class, every student_____(ask) to obey the class rules． The teacher often tells us not to break them．
8． German and English_______ (speak) in Germany．
9． Letters and postcards_______ (bring) to people’s homes by the postman．
10．（23-24八年级下·甘肃定西·期末）What language_______(speak) in Canada．
三．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
If you’re interested in photography, there’s a little museum in Tokyo that you should probably visit． It is in the basement (地下室) of 1 building． Camera World calls it “the world’s 2 (good) camera museum”．
The Japan Camera Industry Institute (JCII) first 3 (open) it in 1989． They want to protect these cameras because they are full 4 stories．
The museum has 5 (thousand) of cameras． It introduces the history of cameras and photography around the world． It also has a special part that explains how Japanese cameras 6 (develop) since the 1800s．
The museum is in quite a 7 (peace) location, even though it’s in the middle of the busy city． Visitors can 8 (simple) pick up some of the cameras to look at how people used them． Workers have cut some camera models in half 9 (show) their inside parts．
It’s a must-visit for any photography lover, 10 don’t miss it!
写作精讲
本单元的话题为“职业”,要求学生根据所给信息介绍某人的职业,涉及的人物可以是名人,如科学家、运动员或对国家有突出贡献的人,也可以是自己熟悉的人,如父母、老师等。该话题对应的体裁属于以记人为主的记叙文,在描述人物的事迹时,常用一般过去时。
写作实例
假如你校英语社团将举办以“The Hero in My Heart”为题的征文活动,请你根据以下提示内容用英语写一篇短文,简要介绍你心中的英雄——航天员邓清明。提示内容如下:
(1)邓清明于1966年出生于江西省,虽然家庭贫困,但他学习勤奋刻苦;
(2)1998年,他成为我国十四名首批航天员之一;
(3)尽管多年来一直作为后备航天员(backup astronaut),但他认真对待每一次训练;
(4)经过24年10个月,他终于实现了自己的太空梦;
(5)我认为……
要求:(1)包含所有提示内容,可适当发挥;(2)100词左右。
The Hero in My Heart
_______________________________________________________________
审题指导
1．体裁:记叙文。 2．时态:以一般过去时为主。 3．人称:以第三人称为主。4．必备词句:
（1）leave a deep impression on sb． 给某人留下深刻的印象;
（2）come true 成为现实;
（3）learn from sb． 向某人学习;
（4）give up 放弃;
（5）in the west of．．． 在……的西部;
（6）be interested in．．． 对……感兴趣;
（7）learn to do sth． 学习做某事;
（8）catch one’s eyes 吸引某人的目光;
（9）decide to do sth． 决定做某事;
（10）be well-known for．．． 因……而闻名;
（11）more and more 越来越多;
（12）learn from sb． 向某人学习;
（13）set a good example for sb． 为某人树立一个好榜样;
（14）make a difference 产生影响
（15）Although he served as a backup astronaut for many years, he took every training session seriously and never missed any one of them． 尽管他担任后备航天员多年,但他认真对待每一次训练,从未错过任何一次。
（16）Her story has inspired people all over the world to go after their dreams． 她的故事激励了世界各地的人追逐他们的梦想。
（17）Jason’s story shows that small actions can make a big difference． 杰森的故事说明了小的行动能产生大的影响。
（18）I’ll keep working hard and encourage more people around me to help others． 我会继续努力工作,鼓励更多我身边的人去帮助别人。
谋篇布局
The Hero in My Heart
Among many space heroes in our country’s history, Deng Qingming is the hero in my heart． He leaves a deep impression on me．
Deng Qingming was born in Jiangxi in 1966． His family was poor, but he studied hard at school． In 1998, Deng became one of the first group of 14 astronauts for the space programme in our country． Although he served as a backup astronaut for many years, he took every training session seriously and never missed any one of them． After waiting for 24 years and 10 months, Deng finally made his space dream come true and went into space on the Shenzhou-15 spaceship．
I think Deng Qingming is a great man． I should learn from him． I will never give up② when things don’t go my way．
随堂训练
（1）
“英雄”就在我们身边。这些“英雄”可能是我们的亲人、同学、朋友、老师……请根据以下提示写一篇英语短文,介绍你心目中的“小人物,大英雄”。
提示:(1)你心目中的英雄是谁;(2)讲述一件让你印象深刻的事;(3)对你的影响。
要求:(1)语意连贯,层次清晰,书写工整;(2)不少于80词。
_______________________________________________________________
（2）
你将参加英语作文比赛，题目是“My Small Step to Grow”，请根据以下提示完成作文，分享你的成长故事。
要点如下：
（1）上学期在英语课上，当老师提问时你总是很紧张，害怕在众人面前说话。
（2）你没有放弃而是下定决心慢慢练习。
（3）你对着镜子练习说英语，在课堂上回答简单问题。
（4）现在你感觉自信了，并认识到……
要求：
（1）词数：80词左右。
（2）结构合理，层次清楚。
（3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。
（4）开头已给出，不计入总词数。
My Small Step to Grow
Everyone has small shortcomings (缺点), but facing and changing them helps us grow． I had such an experience last term．
_______________________________________________________________
（3）
每个人心中都有自己喜欢并崇拜的英雄。假如你心中的英雄是中国著名科学家——“水稻之父”袁隆平（Yuan longping）, 请以“My hero”为题，写一篇80左右的英语短文介绍科学家袁隆平。
提示：
1930：出生于北京；
1950~1953：在西南农学院（Southwest Agricultural College）学习； 1974：发明了水稻的新品种（develop a new kind of rice）；
20 世纪 80 年代：周游世界并给出水稻的建议（travelld around the world and give advice about growing rice）；
2004：赢得世界粮食奖（win World Food Prize）； 2021：去世，享年 91 岁；
Now：许多国家比以前种植更多水稻（many countuies of the world grow more rice than before），他被称为“杂交水稻之父”（the Father of Hybrid Rice）。
对他的评价：……
My hero
Yuan Longping is a hero in my heart．
_______________________________________________________________
…………
参考答案
1． D
【详解】句意：——北京不是中国第一个在地铁上对食客罚款的城市。——是的。在香港地铁上吃东西的人最高被罚2000港币。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语People“人”和动词punish“惩罚”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，所以空处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。
…………
不错
很有用
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