Unit2 Growing pains and gains 语法、写作篇-2026年春八年级英语下册寒假预习衔接讲义（外研版新教材）

2026年春八年级英语下册寒假预习衔接讲义

Unit2 Growing pains and gains 语法、写作篇

被动语态

一． 一般过去时的被动语态

一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作。一般过去时的被动语态的各种句式如下:

(1)肯定句:主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)．

The book was written by Mr Smith last year． 这本书是Smith先生去年写的。

(2)否定句:主语+was/were+not+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)．

The machine wasn’t repaired last week． 这台机器上周没有被修理。

(3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)?

Was the desk made by your father? 这张桌子是你爸爸做的吗?

(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)?

When was the tree planted? 那棵树是什么时候种的?

二． 被动语态用法总结

三． 主动形式表示被动意义的常见情况

(1)某些感官动词或系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义,如smell、feel、sound等。

This shirt feels soft． 这件衬衣摸起来很柔软。

(2)need、want、require和worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

The bike needs repairing(=needs to be repaired)． 这辆自行车需要修理了。

(3)某些行为动词后加副词(有些可不加副词)可以表示被动意义,如sell、write、wash等。

These books sell well．这些书卖得很好。

随堂练习

一．单项选择

1．（24-25八年级下·江苏徐州·期末）—Did Robert get that job?

—No． He ________ because he had no working experience．

A．refuses              B．refused                   C．has refused             D．was refused

2．（23-24八年级上·甘肃定西·期末）—Where did you go last night?

—I ________ to go to Danny’s birthday party．

A．asked                B．am asked                C．ask                         D．was asked

3．（23-24八年级上·广东深圳·期末）Zhang Yimou, together with his team members, ________ to direct the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games．

A．was invited        B．were invited           C．has been invited      D．have been invited

4．（23-24八年级下·河北保定·期末）I didn’t go to the concert because the tickets________．

A．sell out              B．sold out                  C．were sold out          D．are sold out

5．（23-24八年级下·河北张家口·期末）—The result of the exam ________ to you by e-mail the other day．

—Oh, sorry． I didn’t check it in time．

A．sent                  B．was sent                 C．will send                D．will be sent

6．（25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）—Do you know _________ the school art festival _________?

—Next month． The exact date _________ yet．

A．when; will hold; hasn’t decided              B．when; will be held; hasn’t been decided

C．where; is held; isn’t decided                   D．how; will hold; wasn’t decided

7．（24-25八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）It is said that more railways ________ to improve the traffic situation in our city．

A．built                 B．will be built            C．are building            D．have been built

8．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）The meeting ________ at the community center this afternoon． Please prepare some hot water and paper cups．

A．will hold           B．will be held            C．is held                    D．holds

9．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—No matter how many difficulties we meet, I believe all the problems ________ in the end．

—I hope so．

A．solve                 B．will solve               C．are solved               D．will be solved

10．（24-25八年级下·上海松江·期末）The new library in our school ________ next month．

A．builds              B．will build               C．is built                   D．will be built

11．（22-23八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）A baby’s first month is a special event in China and ________ with a special party．

A．is celebrating                                      B．celebrates

C．was celebrated                                     D．is celebrated

12．（22-23八年级下·河北承德·期末）The plants ________ well in my neighbourhood． They make our environment greener．

A．protect             B．protected                C．were protected        D．are protected

13．（22-23八年级下·江苏连云港·期末）As we all know, Pu’er Tea ________ in some western areas of Yunnan．

A．was produced   B．is producing           C．is produced             D．produces

14．（22-23八年级下·河北保定·期末）The child without parents ________ good care of by his teachers in this special school．

A．takes                B．are taken                C．take                       D．is taken

15．（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）When the money ________ wisely, we will not have any trouble living through the hard times．

A．is spent            B．will spend              C．will be spent           D．spends

二、填空

1．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）The ground is________(cover) with snow in winter．

2．（24-25八年级上·云南西双版纳·期末）The novel, A Lifelong Journey written by Liang Xiaosheng is so popular with foreign readers that it________into different languages in the future． (translate)

3．（24-25八年级下·甘肃天水·期末）Usually, a year is        (divide) into four seasons．

4．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）The Jiangyin Half Marathon        (hold) on April 13, 2025．

【答案】was held

5．（24-25八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）The patient was________on last Sunday, and now he is out of danger． (operate)

6．（24-25八年级下·甘肃白银·期末）The children were________ (warn) not to play with fire．

7．（24-25八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）It’s reported that the high-speed railway station________(complete) next year．

8．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）My book review will________(complete) soon, I can’t wait to share it with my best friends．

9．（23-24八年级上·甘肃定西·期末）He was________(defeat) by his opponents (对手) in this election．

10．（23-24九年级上·江苏无锡·期中）Not only the twins but also Jack________      (choose) without any doubt to be leaders of the team last week．

11．（22-23八年级下·黑龙江绥化·期末）The telephone________(invent) by Bell in 1876．

12．（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）A charity show________(hold) at the school hall this Friday evening．

13．（23-24八年级上·山东济南·期末）There will be more trees and cities will be less________(pollute)．

14．（21-22八年级上·河南郑州·期末）If he is________by his parents, he will turn to teachers for help． (beat)

15．（22-23八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）More trees________(cut) down if more paper is needed in the future．

三、短文填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Do you enjoy travelling, or do you like to stay at home? Some people go on holiday in their own country, and spend time    1    beaches． They’re more interested in relaxing than doing anything else． However, some young people love to travel all    2    time． They give up normal lives and take risks in mountains, rainforests and other    3    (amaze) places． If they don’t have enough money, they will    4    (simple) find work in restaurants or teach English． They don’t care    5    they can get much money or not． They only want to enjoy    6    (they) lives and have the experience of travelling． Since years ago, travelling    7    (be) popular with older people, too． Travelling also allows them to take    8    (break) from work． So why do people love travelling so much? If you’re travelling alone, it’s a great way    9    (meet) new and interesting people． You can learn about different cultures and eat new food． More than anything, travel always     10     (offer) you memories． These will be your treasure forever．

写作精讲

本单元的话题为“成长故事”,要求学生根据所学的词汇和句型介绍自己或他人的成长故事。通常涉及的细分话题有:描述自己遇到的经历或挫折;描述自己是如何应对挫折的。该话题常见的体裁有记叙文、说明文和应用文(如书信、电子邮件或演讲稿等)。

写作实例

世上无难事,只怕有心人。我们在学习或生活中都会遇到一些困难,但是只要怀着积极的心态去面对它们,就一定能够守得云开见月明。某英语报正在开展以“Never be afraid of difficulties”为题的征文活动,请你写一篇文章投稿,参加这次活动。

写作要点:(1)简要说说你对在学习或生活中遇到的困难的看法;

(2)详述一次你难忘的克服困难的经历;

(3)简述你的收获或感受。

注意:(1)90词左右;(2)行文流畅;(3)文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。

Never be afraid of difficulties

________________________________________________________________________________

审题指导

1．体裁:记叙文。    2．时态:一般现在时和一般过去时。    3．人称:以第一人称为主。

4．必备词句:

（1）different kinds of 不同种类的;

（2）give up 放弃;

（3）make mistakes 犯错;

（4）look up 查阅,查找;

（5）search for 搜寻,寻找;

（6）ask sb． for help 向某人求助;

（7）put one’s heart into 全心全意投入;

（8）deal with 应对,处理;

（9）primary school小学;

（10）make one’s decision做决定;

（11）do research做研究;

（12）be busy with sth． 忙于某事;

（13）achieve one’s dream实现某人的梦想;

（14）play an important role发挥重要作用;
（15）go through经历;

（16）have difficulty doing sth． 做某事有困难;
（17）help sb． with sth．帮助某人做某事;

（18）say thanks to sb． 向某人⑨Nothing is difficult if we put our heart into it． 如果我们全心全意投入,没有什么事是困难的。

（19）Meanwhile, parents should give them enough support． 同时,父母应该给他们足够的支持。

（20）Thanks to her, I can become a better person． 多亏有她,我可以变成更好的人。

谋篇布局

优秀范文

Never be afraid of difficulties

In our life, everyone needs to face different kinds of problems． I think that everyone may face difficulties in learning． However, we shouldn’t give up easily．

Once I could hardly follow my teachers in class and I made many mistakes in my tests． I felt very sad． I looked up information in reference books or searched for more information on the Internet． Sometimes I asked my teachers or classmates for help． With hard work, I have done much better in my studies．

I learned a lesson from my experience: Nothing is difficult if we put our heart into it． Whatever difficulty we meet, there’s always a way for us to deal with it．

随堂训练

（1）

假如你是李华,你的好朋友Lucy不久前参加歌唱比赛被淘汰,她因这次失败而深感困扰,无心学习。请你给她写一封电子邮件,简要表达自己对她的处境的理解,并提出建议。

你的建议包括:1．要正确看待比赛,享受过程;2．不要放弃唱歌的爱好;3．还有很多实现梦想的途径。

写作要求:词数80—100(电子邮件的开头和结尾已给出,
不计入总词数)。

Dear Lucy,

I’m sorry to hear that

________________________________________________________________________________________

…………

参考答案

一．单项选择

1． D

【详解】句意：——罗伯特得到那份工作了吗？——没有。他因为没有工作经验而被拒绝了。

考查被动语态及时态。refuses拒绝，三单形式；refused过去式和过去分词形式；has refused现在完成时结构；was refused 一般过去时的被动语态结构。根据语境可知，“He”和“refuse”之间是被动关系，即他是“被拒绝”的，且问句中“Did”表明事情发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，be动词用“was”，“refuse”的过去分词是“refused”，所以应填“was refused”。故选D。

…………