2026年中考英语一轮复习知识清单
专题07 非谓语动词
考点一 名词分类
1.不定式的概念及特点
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类,它们没有人称和数的变化,但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化,还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式的基本构成形式:“to+动词原形”。
(1)肯定式:to + 动词原形 It’s nice to meet you.
(2)否定式:not to + 动词原形 He told me not to leave this room
(to是不定式符号,无意义,有时可以不带)
2.动词不定式的句法功能
| 功能 | 例句 | 说明 |
| 主语 | To speak English is not easy for us
=It is not easy for us to speak English. |
作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。 |
| 表语 | My work is to clean the room everyday.
=To clean the room every day is my work. |
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。 |
| 宾语 | —What sports does he like to play?
—He likes to play basketball. |
只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。 |
| 宾补 | My mother made me play the piano all the time. | 在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。 |
| 定语 | Have you got anything to say? | 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。 |
| 状语 | I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)。
I went to the library to study English.(表目的) |
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 |
(1)不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为:
①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间"
如:To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.
It’s important for us to protect the environment.
注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如:
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
(2)不定式作表语(常放于系动词be之后)
What she likes is watching/to watch children play.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
My wish is to become a good teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
注意:下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to:
(1)主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句,且从句中含有do的某种形式时。
(2)主语是the only,the first,the last,形容词最高级或被这些词修饰,主语后有定语从句,且定语从句中含有do的某种形式时。
All you need to do now is complete the form.
你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
The only thing to do now is go on.
前进是现在唯一的出路。
(3)不定式作宾语
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:
would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。
如: Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗?
②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如:
I find it easy to read English every day.
(4)不定式作宾语补足语
tell, ask, want, allow, warn, advise, invite, get, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
(5)不定式作定语
不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
注意:如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。
The room is big enough for 10 people to live in .
(6)不定式作状语
不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.
He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.
He worked day and night to get the money.
3.不定式的特殊用法
①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,须省略to。此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时,省略的to则要加上。
②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do,其被动形式为to be done。
►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
③常接"疑问词+带to的不定式"的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。
►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。
4.省略to的常见句型:
①Why not do sth.? = Why don’t you do sth.? 为什么不……呢?
②Could/Would/Will you please (not) do sth.? 你可以(不)做……吗?
③had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事
④would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B
⑤let’s do sth. 让我们做某事吧。
⑥prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做……
3.含动词不定式的特殊句型:
①It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。
②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
③It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。
④adj.+enough to do sth. 足够……做某事
⑤too...to... 太……而不能……
考点二 动名词
1.动名词的构成与特征
动名词由“动词原形(do)+-ing”构成,其形式与现在分词的构成相同,否定形式为“not+动词原形+-ing”。动名词既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。如:
①Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜对你的健康有害。
②Her hobby is playing the violin. 她的爱好是拉小提琴。
2.动名词的用法
| 用法 | 说明 | 例句 |
| 作主语 | 动名词放在句首作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 | Reading is an art. 阅读是一项技能。 |
| 作表语 | 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语。 | His hobby is swimming. 他的爱好是游泳。 |
| 作定语 | 动名词作定语时,表示其所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,放在被修饰词之前。 | Our country is a developing country. 我们国家是一个发展中国家。 |
| 作宾语 | 动名词作宾语时,既可作动词的宾语,又可作介词的宾语。 | ①I finished reading the book last night. 我昨晚读完了这本书。(作动词宾语)
②A young boy made a living by selling fried dough sticks (油条) in the market. (2024河南57题)一个小男孩靠在市场上卖油条谋生。(作介词宾语) |
3.常见接动名词作宾语的结构如下:
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 begin/start doing sth. 开始做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事
…………

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