2026年春七年级英语下册寒假衔接讲义
专题08 阅读理解特训
内容早知道
☛第一层 巩固提升练(4大考点)
考点一 细节理解题
考点二 推理判断题
考点三 词句猜测题
考点四 主旨大意题
☛第二层 能力培优练
☛第三层 拓展突破练
考点一 细节理解题
此类题一般针对文章的细节信息进行考查。答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(此类型题占比最大。占到全部阅读题60~80%左右)
【注意】这类题设置干扰项的特点:
①部分正确,而另一部分是错误的。
②是原文信息,却不是题目要求的内容
③符合常识,但和文章内容无关。
④与原文内容极其相似,只是在程度上有所不同。
常见的提问形式:
①Which of the following cannot you learn in Anglia Summer Camp?
②Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
③Why did Calvin Coolidge live at the Willard Hotel in those days?
④Which of the following statements is NOT RIGHT according to the passage?
⑤According to George, reading aloud to children______.
解题技巧:
抓住提问中的关键字眼,仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容,一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以得出正确答案。
注意排除下列干扰项:
① 扩缩范围
文章为了表达得准确严密,很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制,如涉及到数量时常用many, almost all, nearly, more than, over, only a few, normally等限制。有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。
② 偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
③ 正误并存
在一干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者借此以假乱真。要排除这类干扰项,只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面,都属排除的干扰项。
【巩固练习】
My name is Holly. I’m 14 years old, and I am a middle school student. I like my school life.
I get up at six o’clock in the morning. Then I go running in the playground. At half past six, I have breakfast at school. You can see many students and teachers in the dining hall. After breakfast, I go to my classroom and read English.
We have six classes every day. The first class starts at eight o’clock. I like all my subjects. I think they are interesting. My favorite subject is English, so I often go to the English comer (英语角) on Thursday evening. I can practise my English there. After class, I always play with my friends. We play basketball, football and table tennis.
I like all my lessons, my friends and my teachers. In a word (总而言之), I love my school life.
1.When does Holly have breakfast?
A.At 6:00 am. B.At 6:30 am. C.At 6:40 am. D.At 7 :00 am.
2.When does Holly read English?
A.Before breakfast.B.After breakfast. C.In the evening. D.After lunch.
3.What is Holly’s favorite subject?
A.Chinese. B.Maths. C.History. D.English.
考点二 推理判断题
推理判断题是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分,从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子,也可能是若干句子,甚至是全文。
【注意】
①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选,要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
②推理不是凭空猜测,而是立足已知推断未知;做题时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
③不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断.
常见的提问形式:
①What would Andy do next?
②Where may this passage come from?
③According to Morgan, what kind of people are most likely to suffer from nearsightedness?
④Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?
⑤What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?
解题技巧:
推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。
学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思,更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。
注意点:
① 推理不是凭空猜测,而是立足已知推断未知;作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
② 不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断。
◆根据事实进行推断:首先在文章中找出据以判断的有关词或句子,然后加以分析,悟出字里行间的意思。
◆根据作者的意图和态度进行推断:作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往含在字里行间。因此,既要将文章的主题思想作为推断的前提,还应注意作者的措辞,尤其是形容词、副词等修饰语。学生要对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的看法或观点。
◆指代推断:要推断指代词所指的对象,关键在于对该词所在的上下文的正确的理解。指代词的单复数形式应与被指代词的单复数形式一致。
◆根据逻辑关系进行推断:根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。
【巩固练习】
Hello, everyone! I am Mary. I study in No. 39 Middle School. My brother, my sister and I are all good students. My parents are proud of us. Welcome to my home!
My parents are Mike and Lucy. My mother is a doctor in a hospital and my father teaches English in No. 26 Middle School. They work very hard every day.
Paul is my older brother. He studies in No. 2 Middle School. He studies very well and he likes to make friends. You can e-mail him.
The little girl is my younger sister Gina. She’s only 9 years old but she is good at tennis. She wants to be a tennis star in the future.
1.Paul is Lucy’s ________.
A.daughter B.son C.father D.mother
2.From the passage, we can know that ________.
A.Gina has a sister and a brother B.Mary’s e-mail address (地址) is 458503268@126.com
C.Paul and Mary are in the same school D.Mary is good at tennis and wants to be a tennis star
考点三 词句猜测题
词句猜测题是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧,通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断,能提高阅读速度和阅读能力。
常见的提问形式:
①The underlined word “shoot” in the 2nd paragraph means “______”.
②What does the pronoun “This” in the last paragraph refer to(所指) ?
③The underlined word “compromise” probably means_________.
④What do the underlined words mean?
⑤What do the words “on cloud nine” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
解题技巧:
◆根据上下文猜测
⑴根据关联词猜测 表示因果关系的:because, as, since, for, so, as a result…
表示同义关系的:and, like, just as…
表示反义关系的: but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)等等
⑵利用构词法猜测 根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。
例如care(小心) →careful(小心的) →carefully (小心地);
write(写) → rewrite (改写)。
根据“合成词”猜测。
例如school + bag → schoolbag; down+stairs → downstairs
◆根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词
常用be, be called, mean或破折号或定语从句等来表示。
例如:①Why does jogging — running slowly become so popular.(慢跑)
②Pork is the meat of pigs.(猪肉)
③Jane is warm-hearted, she likes to help others.(热心的)
◆根据语境及生活常识猜测
从文章中找到相关的词、短语或句子,根据特定的语境来判断理解,推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。
例如:①China is our motherland.(祖国)
②Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. (育儿袋)
③It’s really cold outside, and my hands are both numb. (冻僵了的,麻木的)
【巩固练习】
Sam is twelve. He’s a student in No. 5 Middle School. He’s in Class 4, Grade 7. Today is Women’s Day, and it’s Sam’s birthday. His mother and father have a birthday party for him. You can see lots of drinks and food on the table. And the gifts from Sam’s family are on the table too.
Sam invites his good friends to his birthday party. They’re Linda, Tom, John and Lucy. Linda buys a nice pen for Sam. She knows Sam loves writing stories. She wants Sam to write many good stories. Tom buys a white baseball for Sam. Baseball is Sam’s favourite sport, and he’s really good at it. John and Lucy buy a big cake for Sam. They sing Happy Birthday to Sam. They’re all very happy at the party.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1.The underlined word “invites” in paragraph 2 probably means “________” in Chinese.
A.拜访 B.邀请 C.推荐 D.闲谈
考点四 主旨大意题
此类题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次(主题句或主题段),要求学生在理解全文后归纳短文要点,概括中心思路。正确答案是要根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
【注意】这类题设置干扰项的特点:
①可能属文中某个具体事实或细节,但不是正确答案。
②可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
③可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
常见的提问形式:
①According to the passage, what did the writer want to tell us?
②What would be the best title of this passage?
③From the passage, the writer thinks _____.
④What does the writer mainly tell us?
⑤Which of the following best expresses the main idea?
解题技巧:
1、寻找主题句,从而抓住全段中心思想,常见位置是段首句或第二句,但也可能在段尾或段中。
2、概括全文,寻找文章中心思想。各段落中心句的整理归纳便是文章的中心思想。
3、把握文章的体裁,分清文体,确定思维方向。
4、体会作者的写作意图和所要表达的思想感情,辨清褒贬态度。
干扰项:
可能是文中某个具体事实或细节;可能是从文中某些 (不完全的) 事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
常见题型:
1.主题型:
What’s the main idea of this passage ? (这篇文章的主要思想是什么?)
What does this passage mainly discuss? (这篇文章主要讨论了什么?)
What’s the topic of this passage ? (这篇文章的主题是什么?)
2.标题型:
What’s the best title?(最佳的标题是什么?)
The best title for this text is (to tell ) ______. (这段文字的最佳标题是_____)The main purpose of this text is ______.(这段文字的主要目的是?)
3.目的型:
The author’s purpose of writing this text is to______.(作者写这段文字的主要目的是?)
What’s the main purpose of the passage?(这篇文章的主要目的是?)
…………
参考答案
考点一 细节理解题
【答案】1.B 2.B 3.D
【导语】本文主要介绍了Holly的学校生活。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At half past six, I have breakfast at school.”可知,Holly六点半吃早餐,故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After breakfast, I go to my classroom and read English.”可知,Holly在吃完早餐后读英语,故选B。
…………

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